Astronomers have made a major breakthrough in understanding the colossal plasma jet shooting out from the heart of galaxy Messier 87 (M87), one of the most studied and mysterious cosmic phenomena in the universe. Using a combination of high-resolution observations and advanced simulations, researchers have finally uncovered how this enormous jet forms, stabilizes, and travels vast intergalactic distances.
The findings help explain a mystery that has puzzled scientists for decades: how a black hole—an object that traps everything, even light—can produce an outward flow of energy stretching thousands of light-years into space.
A Jet Powered by a Supermassive Black Hole
At the center of M87 lies a supermassive black hole with a mass billions of times greater than the Sun. This black hole became globally famous in 2019 when scientists released the first-ever image of a black hole’s shadow.
Surrounding the black hole is a swirling disk of superheated gas and magnetic fields. According to the latest research, the jet is launched when intense magnetic fields twist and channel energy away from the black hole’s spin, accelerating charged particles to near-light speeds.
Magnetic Fields Hold the Key
One of the study’s most important conclusions is the role of strong, organized magnetic fields. These fields act like invisible rails, guiding the jet and preventing it from breaking apart as it travels across space.
The research suggests that energy extracted from the black hole’s rotation is converted into a tightly focused beam of plasma. This explains how the jet remains narrow, stable, and incredibly powerful over enormous distances.
Cutting-Edge Observations Reveal Jet Structure
Scientists combined data from radio telescopes across the globe, including ultra-high-resolution arrays capable of observing regions close to the black hole itself. These observations allowed astronomers to see the jet’s structure near its origin for the first time in unprecedented detail.
The data showed a two-layer jet system—a fast inner core surrounded by a slower outer sheath—confirming predictions made by theoretical models years ago.
Why M87’s Jet Matters to Science
Understanding M87’s jet goes far beyond a single galaxy. Jets like this influence galaxy evolution, regulate star formation, and redistribute matter and energy across the universe.
By solving the mystery of how such jets form, scientists gain new insights into:
-
Black hole physics
-
Extreme magnetic environments
-
The behavior of matter under intense gravity
-
The large-scale structure of the universe
A New Era in Black Hole Research
Researchers say this discovery marks a turning point in astrophysics. With next-generation telescopes coming online, scientists expect even deeper insights into how black holes shape their surroundings.