Social media platform X (formerly Twitter) is facing strong criticism after reports surfaced that it was being used to promote hate speech and economic boycotts targeting the Muslim community. As India prepares for the Deepavali festival, several trending hashtags and viral posts have allegedly urged users to avoid Muslim-owned businesses, fueling concerns of rising online communal polarization.

Viral Campaigns Amplify Anti-Muslim Narratives

Over the past week, multiple posts calling for the economic boycott of Muslims gained traction on X, with coordinated efforts seen through specific hashtags. Analysts tracking social media trends noted that many of these posts were spread through bot accounts and organized influencer networks, amplifying divisive narratives just before the festive season.

Civil Groups Demand Accountability and Tighter Moderation

Digital rights organizations and civil society groups have condemned the spread of such content, demanding immediate regulatory intervention. The Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) and other watchdogs have urged X to strengthen its content moderation policies, arguing that the platform has become a breeding ground for hate speech and misinformation, particularly targeting minority groups.

Government and Law Enforcement Step In

According to reports, several complaints have been lodged with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and state cybercrime units. Authorities are reportedly reviewing the content under Sections 153A and 295A of the Indian Penal Code, which deal with promoting enmity between groups and outraging religious sentiments.
While X has yet to issue a formal statement, its recent history of limited moderation under new ownership has reignited debate about the platform’s role in inciting social tension.

Experts Warn of Real-World Consequences

Social media researchers warn that the online amplification of hate speech can have serious offline implications. “Digital hate often translates into real-world discrimination and violence,” said one digital ethics expert. “With Deepavali being a time of economic activity, such boycott calls can deepen social divisions and harm livelihoods.”

Call for Transparent Policies

Activists and policy experts have urged X to restore stronger moderation frameworks and improve transparency reports regarding hate speech takedowns in India. They stress that without accountability, platforms risk being misused to undermine communal harmony and spread disinformation during sensitive cultural moments.