A senior US lawmaker has alleged that Nvidia played a role in assisting Chinese AI startup DeepSeek in refining advanced artificial intelligence models that were later adapted for use by China’s military-linked institutions. The claim has intensified scrutiny over how American semiconductor technology and expertise may be indirectly supporting foreign military capabilities.

Focus on Model Optimisation, Not Direct Military Aid

According to the lawmaker, Nvidia’s involvement did not include direct cooperation with China’s armed forces. Instead, the concern centers on technical guidance and optimisation support provided to DeepSeek, which reportedly helped improve the efficiency and performance of its AI models. These models were later incorporated into projects with ties to the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).

Export Controls Under the Spotlight

The allegations arrive amid growing pressure on US regulators to tighten export controls on advanced AI chips and related software. While Nvidia has complied with existing US restrictions on selling high-end GPUs to China, lawmakers argue that know-how, tools, and indirect support may still be flowing through commercial partnerships and research ecosystems.

Nvidia Pushes Back on the Claims

Nvidia has strongly rejected suggestions that it knowingly supported military applications in China. The company maintains that it operates within US laws and export rules, stating that its products and developer tools are designed for general-purpose computing and civilian AI research, not weapons or defense systems.

DeepSeek’s Rapid Rise in China’s AI Ecosystem

DeepSeek has emerged as a prominent AI developer in China, gaining attention for building large language models that rival Western counterparts at lower costs. Analysts note that such models can have dual-use potential, making them attractive for both commercial innovation and military research.

Broader Implications for Global AI Governance

The controversy highlights the growing challenge of regulating AI technologies that can be repurposed across sectors. Experts warn that without clearer international rules, leading US tech firms could face increasing political and legal risks as AI becomes more central to global security competition.